Analysing and Mitigating the Impact of Partial Shedding on Photovoltaic Module Efficiency: Simulation-Based Optimization Techniques for Enhanced Power Output

Authors

  • Simeon Okachi University of Calabar Author
  • Engr. Dr. Simeon E. Okachi University of Calabar Cross River State, Nigeria Author
  • Engr. Monday. I. Elemi University of Cross River State, Nigeria Author
  • Engr. Sampson A. Bendor University of Cross River State, Nigeria Author
  • Eunice Ene Cross River State institute of technology Ugep. Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52262/nx6w5733

Keywords:

Photovoltaic systems, Partial Shedding , Maximum power point tracking mppt, Matlab/simulink simulation , Optimization Techniques , Energy efficiency

Abstract

Partial shading is a persistent challenge in photovoltaic (PV) systems, causing significant efficiency losses due to uneven irradiance distribution across PV modules. This research, titled “Analyzing and Mitigating the Impact of Partial Shading on Photovoltaic Module Efficiency: Simulation-Based Optimization Techniques for Enhanced Power Output,” investigates the effects of partial shading and explores mitigation strategies using advanced simulation and optimization methods. A MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment was employed to model a PV module with three parallel strings of 20 series-connected cells, each integrated with bypass diodes. Shading scenarios were simulated by applying irradiance levels of 1000 W/m², 600 W/m², and 300 W/m² to the respective strings. The resulting current-voltage (I-V) and power-voltage (P-V) characteristics were analyzed, focusing on power output, efficiency, and the challenges of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) under shaded conditions. Advanced optimization techniques, including Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), were proposed to improve the Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP) detection. The simulation results revealed that partial shading caused a substantial power reduction, with the GMPP (104 W) being 34% lower than the expected maximum power of 158 W. The P-V curve displayed multiple local maxima, creating challenges for conventional MPPT algorithms in locating the true GMPP. Bypass diodes mitigated some power losses but were insufficient for complete optimization. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of integrating adaptive optimization techniques like ACO into PV system design to enhance efficiency under partial shading conditions. By improving power extraction, these methods can significantly boost the reliability and performance of PV systems in real-world applications. These findings provide a solid foundation for developing more resilient and efficient renewable energy systems.

Author Biographies

  • Engr. Dr. Simeon E. Okachi , University of Calabar Cross River State, Nigeria

    Engr. Dr. Simeon E. Okachi is an erudite scholar of high repute and a senior lecturer in the department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, the University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.Calabar Cross River State 

  • Engr. Monday. I. Elemi, University of Cross River State, Nigeria

    Engr. Monday I. Elemi is currently a doctoral student in the department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Cross River State, Nigeria.

  • Engr. Sampson A. Bendor , University of Cross River State, Nigeria

    Engr. Sampson A. Bendor is a lecturer 2 staff in the department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, faculty of engineering university of Cross River State, Nigeria.

  • Eunice Ene, Cross River State institute of technology Ugep.

    Engr. Eunice I. Ene is a senior lecturer with the department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Cross River institute of Management & Technology, Ugep, Cross River State, Nigeria.

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Okachi, S. E., Anyin, P. , Bendor, S., Orok, M., Ene, E. and Acha, G. “a review of design and construction of a solar tracker for a photovoltaic board: A Lasting Solution for Non-Electrified Remote Areas in Nigeria”. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) JETIR. Pp. 751, 10, (8)., 2023.

Okachi, S. E. and James, Eko A. “Solar Tracker Design and Construction for a Photovoltaic Board: A Lasting Solution for Non-Electrified Remote Areas in Nigeria”. International Conference on utilization the knowledge of engineering, science and technology for sustainable development.

Published

2025-12-31

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Thermal Engineering Approaches Toward Sustainable Development

Section

Articles

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